Bulletin 2026-09UCDP data through GED 26.1, Candidate Events 26.0.9Changes in the data

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Events and deaths in organized violence, as UCDP records them

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Nigeria: events and estimated deaths in December 2025

Monthly reportDataset: UCDP GEDData through

UCDP recorded 59 events of organized violence in Nigeria in December 2025. The best estimate of deaths in these events is 358. The low estimate is 256 and the high estimate is 436. UCDP counts 50 of these deaths as deaths of civilians. The count for November 2025 was 44 events.

The count for December 2024 was 27 events. The change from December 2024 to December 2025 is up 119 percent. Among the 26 months with a report for Nigeria, December 2025 has the 16th highest count of events. Nigeria holds 3 percent of the events that UCDP recorded in all countries with a page in December 2025. In December 2024, the share was 1 percent.

Not all events in UCDP Candidate will make it into the final UCDP GED and new events will be added. The UCDP Candidate is a dataset containing events that have a high probability of being included in the final annual version of UCDP GED.

An incident where armed force was used by an organized actor against another organized actor, or against civilians, resulting in at least 1 direct death at a specific location and a specific date

UCDP's words. Source: UCDP Candidate Events Dataset Codebook, version 1.5 (Introduction) and UCDP GED Codebook, version 26.1 (section 2, the definition of an event), copied on .

This page rests on UCDP GED 26.1 and UCDP Candidate Events 26.0.9, with data through . The figures from January 2026 are from Candidate Events. Candidate Events are preliminary and UCDP revises them.

The pages give counts and their sources. They give no travel, security or safety advice. A count of events is not a measure of danger.

Regions

The table has 10 regions at most.

Table 1. Nigeria, December 2025: events and estimated deaths by region, in name order
RegionEventsEstimated deaths
Adamawa state514
Anambra state14
Benue state48
Borno state32114
Kebbi state121
Lagos state23
Oyo state13
Plateau state325
Sokoto state4145
Taraba state117
Figure 1. Events in Nigeria, December 2025. The map shows 59 events with 358 estimated deaths. One dot is one event at the place that UCDP gives. When a source names no exact place, UCDP puts the event at the centre of a region or of the country. The area of a dot follows the best estimate of deaths. The largest dot is for 330 deaths or more.1 death10 deaths100 deathsOutlines: Natural Earth, with the first-level areas of the UCDP data. An outline shows where the events are. It is not a statement about a border.

Events

The table lists the events with 10 or more estimated deaths. The CSV file of Nigeria has each event.

Table 2. Nigeria, December 2025: events with 10 or more estimated deaths (7 of 59 events), in the order of their dates
DatePlaceSides, as UCDP writes themType of violenceEstimated deathsLowHigh
10 Dec 2025Wukari lga, Taraba stateFulani, Jukun; TivNon-state171717
16 Dec 2025Barkin Ladi lga, Plateau stateBirom; FulaniNon-state121212
21 Dec 2025Konduga lga, Borno stateGovernment of Nigeria; ISState-based171721
25 Dec 2025Tangaza lga, Sokoto stateGovernment of Nigeria; ISState-based136100155
25 Dec 2025Konduga lga, Borno stateGovernment of Nigeria; ISState-based19019
25 Dec 2025Bama lga, Borno stateGovernment of Nigeria; ISState-based1009
31 Dec 2025Ngaski lga, Kebbi stateIS; CiviliansOne-sided212121

In a few events, the high estimate of UCDP is lower than the best estimate, or the low estimate is higher. The site shows the figures as UCDP publishes them.

Actors, as UCDP names them

Names as UCDP writes them.

Table 3. Nigeria: actors, as UCDP names them, in the events of December 2025, in name order
Name, as UCDP writes itEventsEstimated deaths in these events
Birom325
Black Axe48
Eyie23
Farmers (Nigeria)23
Fulani836
Fulani, Jukun117
Government of Nigeria30239
Herders (Nigeria)23
Idoma11
IPOB10
IS39282
JAS312
SVC25
Tiv424
Yoruba13

An event has two sides, so one event can be in two rows. The deaths are the deaths in the events of a side. The table does not say which side caused a death.

Type of violence

Table 4. Nigeria: events by type of violence, December 2025
Type of violenceEventsShare of events
State-based armed conflict2949%
Non-state conflict1525%
One-sided violence against civilians1525%

The glossary has the UCDP definition of each type.

All months

Table 5. Monthly reports of Nigeria, newest first: events and estimated deaths
MonthEventsEstimated deathsDataset
September 2026143P451PCandidate Events
August 2026161P992PCandidate Events
July 2026116P551PCandidate Events
June 2026166P614PCandidate Events
May 2026145P1,010PCandidate Events
April 2026182P1,034PCandidate Events
March 2026113P698PCandidate Events
February 2026108P712PCandidate Events
January 2026142P719PCandidate Events
December 202559358GED
November 202544340GED
October 202551255GED
September 202569336GED
August 202569262GED
July 202567222GED
June 202568469GED
May 202585648GED
April 202568401GED
March 202559248GED
February 202546191GED
January 202547428GED
December 202427182GED
November 202457255GED
October 202452330GED
September 202439235GED
August 202430408GED

P Preliminary. The figure is from UCDP Candidate Events, and UCDP revises these events. Search engines list a report of a month in the last 12 months that has 20 or more events. The other reports stay online and ask search engines not to list them.

Nigeria: all figures

Cite this page

ConflictStats. Nigeria: events and estimated deaths in December 2025. https://conflictstats.com/country/nigeria/month/2025-12/. Source: Uppsala Conflict Data Program, UCDP GED 26.1 and UCDP Candidate Events 26.0.9. Data through .

The address of this page does not change. UCDP asks for a citation of its publications: Data sources and licences has it.