Countries › Somalia › December 2025
Somalia: conflict events in December 2025
Monthly report from UCDP event data.
In December 2025, UCDP recorded 35 organized-violence events in Somalia, with 249 estimated deaths. That is +35% compared with 26 events the month before. The death toll range is 248 to 335.
94% of the month's events were state-based armed conflict. Civilian deaths: 32.
Events were concentrated in Middle Shabelle region (9), Lower Shabelle region (7), Hiran region (4).
The most active pairing was Government of Somalia - Al-Shabaab with 33 events.
Where events happened
Regions, December 2025
| Region | Events | Est. deaths |
|---|---|---|
| Middle Shabelle region | 9 | 151 |
| Lower Shabelle region | 7 | 44 |
| Hiran region | 4 | 18 |
| Bay region | 4 | 6 |
| Banaadir region | 4 | 2 |
| Bakool region | 2 | 15 |
| Galgudud region | 2 | 8 |
| Bari region | 1 | 3 |
| Middle Juba region | 1 | 2 |
| Lower Juba region | 1 | 0 |
Deadliest events, December 2025
| Date | Where | Parties | Est. deaths |
|---|---|---|---|
| 25 Dec 2025 | Balad district Middle Shabelle region | Government of Somalia vs Al-Shabaab State-based | 36 |
| 25 Dec 2025 | Balad district Middle Shabelle region | Government of Somalia vs Al-Shabaab State-based | 35 |
| 25 Dec 2025 | Balad district Middle Shabelle region | Government of Somalia vs Al-Shabaab State-based | 35 |
| 16 Dec 2025 | Afgoye district Lower Shabelle region | Government of Somalia vs Al-Shabaab State-based, 31 civilian, 2 sources | 31 |
| 31 Dec 2025 | Balad district Middle Shabelle region | Government of Somalia vs Al-Shabaab State-based, 2 sources | 29 |
| 28 Dec 2025 | Hudur district Bakool region | Government of Somalia vs Al-Shabaab State-based, 2 sources | 15 |
| 21 Dec 2025 | Balad district Middle Shabelle region | Government of Somalia vs Al-Shabaab State-based, 3 sources | 15 |
| 11 Dec 2025 | Afgoye district Lower Shabelle region | Government of Somalia vs Al-Shabaab State-based, 3 sources | 12 |
| 16 Dec 2025 | Bulo Burti district Hiran region | Government of Somalia vs Al-Shabaab State-based, 3 sources | 9 |
| 8 Dec 2025 | Bulo Burti district Hiran region | Government of Somalia vs Al-Shabaab State-based, 2 sources | 7 |
Parties
| Party | Events |
|---|---|
| Government of Somalia | 34 |
| Al-Shabaab | 33 |
| Puntland State of Somalia | 1 |
| IS | 1 |
Type of violence
| Category | Events |
|---|---|
| State-based | 33 |
| Non-state | 1 |
| One-sided | 1 |
All months
Monthly reports:Jul 2026Jun 2026May 2026Apr 2026Mar 2026Feb 2026Jan 2026Dec 2025Nov 2025Oct 2025Sep 2025Aug 2025Jul 2025Jun 2025May 2025Apr 2025Mar 2025Feb 2025Jan 2025Dec 2024Nov 2024Oct 2024Sep 2024Aug 2024Jul 2024
Source: UCDP GED and Candidate Events, CC BY 4.0. Counts use the "best" fatality estimate. See methodology.